The Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb - ppt download

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Function of Upper Extremities The upper extremities primary function is to facilitate movement for daily activities.
The Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb
Each pectoral girdle consists of two bones: the clavicle. the scapula. The upper extremity includes the bones of the arm, wrist, and hand.
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
Long slender bone with a double curve. Each clavicle attaches to the: a. manubrium at the sternal end. b. Flat, anterior projection of the. scapula at the acromion end.
It acts as a brace to hold the arm away from the thorax and it helps to prevent shoulder dislocation.
Large, triangular, flat bone located in the lateral portion of the upper back.
The glenoid fossa is the shallow socket that holds the head of the arm bone.
acromion process – the flat, large end that connects with the clavicle. coracoid process – a smaller, beak-like structure that anchors some of the muscles of the arm. Acromion process. Coracoid process.
Bones of the Upper Extremities
They are composed of: The arm (1 bone) The forearm (2 bones) The hand (27 bones)
It articulates: proximally with the scapula (fits into the glenoid fossa) distally with the radius and ulna.
The head at the proximal end fits into the glenoid fossa. Two epicondyles at the distal end that articulate with the forearm bones: Medial epicondyle. Lateral epicondyle.
lateral epicondyle. anterior view posterior view.
Located on the little finger side of the elbow. Articulates with humerus to form the elbow.
They are coronoid process and the olecranon process.
Located on the thumb side of the forearm. Radius.
The 2 bones are connected along their entire lengths by an flexible interosseous membrane
The Hand The skeleton of the hand consists of: carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
Carpals are bound together by ligaments. Arranged in two rows of four bones.
They are number 1 through 5 starting with the thumb to the pinky. Heads of the metacarpals are commonly called knuckles.
Each phalange has 3 bones each (proximal, medial, and distal) with the exception of the thumb. Thumb has only two phalanges.
Proximal Phalanges Medial Distal